Portuguese merchants were the first Europeans to trade in West Africa beginning in the 15th century, and West African Pidgin English contains numerous words of Portuguese origin such as "sabi" (to know), a derivation of the Portuguese "saber". West African Pidgin English arose during the period of the transatlantic slave trade as a language of commerce between British and African slave traders. These include Sierra Leone Krio, Nigerian Pidgin, Ghanaian Pidgin English, Cameroonian Pidgin English, Liberian Pidgin English, the Aku dialect of Krio, and Pichinglis. īecause it is primarily a spoken language, there is no standardized written form, and many local varieties exist. As of 2017, about 75 million people in Nigeria, Cameroon, Ghana and Equatorial Guinea used the language. It originated as a language of commerce between British and African slave traders during the period of the transatlantic slave trade.
On the neogenic language continuum, the dominant language in the new society (a nation-state or empire) serves as a lingua franca until subpopulations speaking other languages shift to the dominant language.West African Pidgin English, also known as Guinea Coast Creole English, is a West African pidgin language lexified by English and local African languages.
On the exoteric language continuum, lingua francas are used in long-distance contact involving at least one large-scale, stratified society. Lingua francas serve two different types of function in this sociolinguistic typology, and move from one function to the other. Three socially defined language types, each forming a continuum, are useful for classifying contact languages: esoteric languages, used for communication within a speech community exoteric languages, used for communication between different speech communities and neogenic languages, used when speech communities merge to form a new society. Different types of language evolve in situations of human social contact depending on the nature of the social contact, social structure and the speakers' attitudes towards the societies in contact.
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